feat(multi-user): 多用户化 + 凭证加密 + 自助注册与图形验证码
数据隔离
- settings / usage_records 主键改为 (user_id, key) / (user_id, request_id)，
索引一律以 user_id 打头；collect_runs / audit_log 增加 user_id
- query / collect / scheduler 全链路把 uid 作为 conn 之后的第一个位置参数且无默认值
（漏传直接 TypeError，不会退化成「返回全量」）
- 配置三级回落 个人→实例→DEFAULTS；NO_FALLBACK_KEYS={cookie,user_agent} 不回落
凭证保密
- 新增 workbuddy_portal/crypto.py：手写 ChaCha20(RFC8439 §2.3) + HMAC-SHA256
encrypt-then-MAC，零第三方依赖；主密钥 cookie_key 与 SECRET_KEY 分键位存放
- get_secret() 是取明文的唯一通道；get_settings() 把加密键置空；
secret_state() 只回 {set,chars,tail,broken}；升级时自动加密历史明文
注册与验证码
- 新增 /register 与 workbuddy_portal/captcha.py（手写 PNG + 点阵字模 + 干扰线）
- 验证码答案只存服务端表、不进 session，一次性、5 分钟过期、按 purpose 隔离
- allow_register / register_max_per_ip / captcha_policy / captcha_length 四个实例级开关
- 失败限速改为 IP + 用户名双维度；停用账号每请求回查、立即失效
页面
- 新增 /profile（个人中心）与注册页；登录页加验证码与自助注册入口
- /config 增加凭证状态、cookie_broken 告警、实例级设置区；/users 增加邮箱/状态与启停
修复
- base.html 顶层 {% set me %} 覆盖子模板同名变量，导致个人中心「注册于」渲染为空
- WB_COOKIE_SECURE 未写进 compose 的 environment，在 .env 里设了不生效
- 「修改登录密码」提示写「至少 6 位」，与实际策略（≥8 位 + 两类字符）不符
- 「用户管理」删除说明写「可勾选保留」，与页面实际行为不符
- 注册页与 flash 文案里的 **强调** Markdown 字面量
验证与文档
- smoke.py 99 → 165 项断言（多用户隔离 / 凭证保密 / 注册与验证码 / 3 条防回归）
- check_live.py 56 → 83 项断言（新增注册 / 验证码 / 安全响应头一节）
- demo_data.py 造两个账号；shots.py 自动过验证码、重出 11 张截图
- README / SECURITY / ARCHITECTURE / API / DEPLOYMENT / USER-GUIDE / FAQ / CHANGELOG / CONTRIBUTING 同步
这个提交包含在：
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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# Copyright (c) 2026 Wang Chuanli
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"""图形验证码（自托管，零第三方依赖）。
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设计要点
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--------
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1. **答案只存在服务端**。下发到浏览器的是一个随机 `captcha_id`，它本身
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不含任何信息。之所以不把答案放进 Flask session：Flask 的 session 是
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**签名而非加密**的（base64 + HMAC），客户端 base64 解开就能读到明文——
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把答案放进去等于把答案直接送给机器人。
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2. **一次性**。校验时无论成功失败都立刻删除该 `captcha_id`，
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防止「一个码刷一万个用户名」的撞库变体。
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3. **光栅图，不是 SVG**。SVG 是文本，答案会以明文出现在页面源码或 DOM 里，
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必须用位图。这里手写 PNG 编码器（zlib 是标准库），点阵字模自带。
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4. **字符集避开易混字符**（0/O、1/I/L），降低正常用户输错概率。
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字模
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----
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5×7 点阵，`#` 为前景。渲染时按整数倍放大并逐字符抖动，
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再叠噪点与干扰线，普通 OCR 与「按色块切分」都会被破坏。
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"""
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import hmac
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import os
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import random
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import secrets
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import struct
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import zlib
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from datetime import datetime, timedelta
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ALPHABET = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ" # 去掉 0 O 1 I L
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_FONT = {
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"2": (".###.", "#...#", "....#", "...#.", "..#..", ".#...", "#####"),
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"3": ("####.", "....#", "....#", ".###.", "....#", "....#", "####."),
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"4": ("...#.", "..##.", ".#.#.", "#..#.", "#####", "...#.", "...#."),
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"5": ("#####", "#....", "####.", "....#", "....#", "#...#", ".###."),
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"6": ("..##.", ".#...", "#....", "####.", "#...#", "#...#", ".###."),
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"7": ("#####", "....#", "...#.", "..#..", ".#...", ".#...", ".#..."),
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"8": (".###.", "#...#", "#...#", ".###.", "#...#", "#...#", ".###."),
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"9": (".###.", "#...#", "#...#", ".####", "....#", "...#.", ".##.."),
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"A": ("..#..", ".#.#.", "#...#", "#...#", "#####", "#...#", "#...#"),
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"B": ("####.", "#...#", "#...#", "####.", "#...#", "#...#", "####."),
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"C": (".###.", "#...#", "#....", "#....", "#....", "#...#", ".###."),
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"D": ("###..", "#..#.", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#..#.", "###.."),
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"E": ("#####", "#....", "#....", "####.", "#....", "#....", "#####"),
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"F": ("#####", "#....", "#....", "####.", "#....", "#....", "#...."),
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"G": (".###.", "#...#", "#....", "#.###", "#...#", "#...#", ".###."),
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"H": ("#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#####", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#"),
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"J": ("..###", "...#.", "...#.", "...#.", "...#.", "#..#.", ".##.."),
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"K": ("#...#", "#..#.", "#.#..", "##...", "#.#..", "#..#.", "#...#"),
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"M": ("#...#", "##.##", "#.#.#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#"),
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"N": ("#...#", "##..#", "#.#.#", "#..##", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#"),
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"P": ("####.", "#...#", "#...#", "####.", "#....", "#....", "#...."),
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"Q": (".###.", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#.#.#", "#..#.", ".##.#"),
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"R": ("####.", "#...#", "#...#", "####.", "#.#..", "#..#.", "#...#"),
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"S": (".####", "#....", "#....", ".###.", "....#", "....#", "####."),
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"T": ("#####", "..#..", "..#..", "..#..", "..#..", "..#..", "..#.."),
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"U": ("#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", ".###."),
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"V": ("#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", ".#.#.", "..#.."),
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"W": ("#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#...#", "#.#.#", "##.##", "#...#"),
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"X": ("#...#", "#...#", ".#.#.", "..#..", ".#.#.", "#...#", "#...#"),
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"Y": ("#...#", "#...#", ".#.#.", "..#..", "..#..", "..#..", "..#.."),
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"Z": ("#####", "....#", "...#.", "..#..", ".#...", "#....", "#####"),
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}
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GLYPH_W, GLYPH_H = 5, 7
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# 一次性验证码有效期（秒）。太短用户来不及看，太长给暴力破解留窗口。
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TTL_SECONDS = 300
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# 保留已过期记录多久后清理（仅用于体积控制，不影响安全性）
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PURGE_AFTER_SECONDS = 3600
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def random_code(length=4):
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return "".join(secrets.choice(ALPHABET) for _ in range(length))
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# ---------------- PNG 编码（手写，无依赖） ----------------
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def _chunk(tag, data):
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return (struct.pack(">I", len(data)) + tag + data
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+ struct.pack(">I", zlib.crc32(tag + data) & 0xFFFFFFFF))
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def encode_png(width, height, rgb):
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"""把 RGB 字节串编码成 PNG（8 位真彩，无 alpha）。
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rgb 长度必须是 width*height*3。每行前面加一个 filter 字节 0（None），
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这是 PNG 对「一行一张扫描线」的强制要求。
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"""
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stride = width * 3
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raw = bytearray()
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for y in range(height):
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raw.append(0)
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raw += rgb[y * stride:(y + 1) * stride]
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ihdr = struct.pack(">IIBBBBB", width, height, 8, 2, 0, 0, 0)
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return (b"\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n"
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+ _chunk(b"IHDR", ihdr)
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+ _chunk(b"IDAT", zlib.compress(bytes(raw), 9))
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+ _chunk(b"IEND", b""))
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class _Canvas:
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"""极小的 RGB 画布。坐标越界自动丢弃，省得每处调用都判边界。"""
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def __init__(self, w, h, bg):
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self.w, self.h = w, h
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self.buf = bytearray(bg * (w * h))
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def dot(self, x, y, color):
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if 0 <= x < self.w and 0 <= y < self.h:
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i = (y * self.w + x) * 3
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self.buf[i:i + 3] = bytes(color)
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def rect(self, x, y, w, h, color):
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for dy in range(h):
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for dx in range(w):
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self.dot(x + dx, y + dy, color)
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def line(self, x0, y0, x1, y1, color):
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"""Bresenham 直线。"""
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dx, dy = abs(x1 - x0), -abs(y1 - y0)
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sx = 1 if x0 < x1 else -1
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sy = 1 if y0 < y1 else -1
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err = dx + dy
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while True:
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self.dot(x0, y0, color)
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if x0 == x1 and y0 == y1:
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return
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e2 = 2 * err
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if e2 >= dy:
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err += dy
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x0 += sx
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if e2 <= dx:
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err += dx
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y0 += sy
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def bytes(self):
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return bytes(self.buf)
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def render(code, width=150, height=56, scale=5, rng=None):
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"""把验证码渲染成 PNG 字节串。
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刻意不做「清晰排版」而是加抖动/噪点/干扰线：这是防机器识别的核心，
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可读性靠放大字符（scale=5 即 25×35 像素）来补偿。
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"""
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rng = rng or random.SystemRandom()
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n = len(code)
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gap = 7
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text_w = n * GLYPH_W * scale + (n - 1) * gap
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if text_w + 16 > width:
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width = text_w + 16
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x0 = max(4, (width - text_w) // 2)
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y0 = max(3, (height - GLYPH_H * scale) // 2)
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# 背景取浅色，前景取深色 —— 深色底+浅字在缩略图上更容易糊，
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# 而且打印/截图后对比度更差。
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bg = tuple(rng.randint(238, 252) for _ in range(3))
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cv = _Canvas(width, height, bg)
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# 1) 干扰线（先画，压在字下面，不遮挡主体）
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for _ in range(4):
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cv.line(rng.randint(0, width - 1), rng.randint(0, height - 1),
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rng.randint(0, width - 1), rng.randint(0, height - 1),
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tuple(rng.randint(150, 205) for _ in range(3)))
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# 2) 字符本体：逐字符随机取色 + 整数抖动，破坏固定网格切分
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for i, ch in enumerate(code):
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glyph = _FONT.get(ch)
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if glyph is None:
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continue
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color = tuple(rng.randint(20, 105) for _ in range(3))
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gx = x0 + i * (GLYPH_W * scale + gap) + rng.randint(-1, 1)
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gy = y0 + rng.randint(-2, 2)
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for row, bits in enumerate(glyph):
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for col, bit in enumerate(bits):
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if bit == "#":
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cv.rect(gx + col * scale, gy + row * scale, scale, scale, color)
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# 3) 前景噪点：少量深色点会让「按连通域找字符」变得不可靠
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for _ in range(46):
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cv.dot(rng.randint(0, width - 1), rng.randint(0, height - 1),
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tuple(rng.randint(90, 190) for _ in range(3)))
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# 4) 压在字上的细斜线：这是最有效的反 OCR 手段，但别太密，否则人也认不出
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for _ in range(3):
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y = rng.randint(2, height - 3)
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cv.line(0, y, width - 1, y + rng.randint(-9, 9),
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tuple(rng.randint(120, 175) for _ in range(3)))
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return encode_png(width, height, cv.bytes())
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# ---------------- 挑战的存储与校验（SQLite） ----------------
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def _fmt(dt):
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return dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
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def purge(conn, now=None):
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"""清掉过期的挑战。每次新建时顺手调用（有 expires_at 索引，代价很小）。"""
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now = now or datetime.now()
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cut = _fmt(now - timedelta(seconds=PURGE_AFTER_SECONDS))
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conn.execute("DELETE FROM captchas WHERE expires_at < ?", (cut,))
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def create(conn, purpose, length=4, ttl=TTL_SECONDS, now=None):
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"""新建一个挑战，返回 (captcha_id, code)。code 只应交给渲染函数，不要下发。"""
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now = now or datetime.now()
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code = random_code(length)
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cid = secrets.token_urlsafe(24)
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purge(conn, now)
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conn.execute(
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"INSERT INTO captchas(id,answer,purpose,created_at,expires_at) VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)",
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(cid, code, purpose, _fmt(now), _fmt(now + timedelta(seconds=ttl))))
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return cid, code
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def verify(conn, captcha_id, answer, purpose, now=None):
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"""校验并**立即作废**该挑战。返回 True/False。
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永远不区分「过期」「不存在」「答案错」——对外只回一句人话，
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避免把「这个 id 存在但答错了」这类信息透露给攻击者。
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"""
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if not captcha_id or answer is None:
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return False
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row = conn.execute("SELECT * FROM captchas WHERE id=?", (captcha_id,)).fetchone()
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# 先删后判：无论结果如何都不允许第二次使用同一个 id
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conn.execute("DELETE FROM captchas WHERE id=?", (captcha_id,))
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if row is None or row["purpose"] != purpose:
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return False
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now = now or datetime.now()
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if row["expires_at"] < _fmt(now):
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return False
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return hmac.compare_digest(str(row["answer"]), str(answer).strip().upper())
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在新工单中引用
屏蔽一个用户